CARDIOLOGY OF UZBEKISTAN
type: channel
publisher: I-EDU GROUP LLC
language: en
publication name: CARDIOLOGY OF UZBEKISTAN
issn: 3060-4850
items: The Impact of Nocturnal Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome on Cerebrovascular Complications in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease
items: Use of SGLT-2 Inhibitors in Acute Myocardial Infarction
items: Angina pectoris and ischemia of non-obstructive coronary arteries (ANOCA/INOCA): a clinical case
items: Molecular Genetic Aspects of Sudden Death in Young Individuals
items: https://cardiojournal.uz/index.php/journal/en/article/view/115
items: Clinical and functional characteristics of life support systems during and after coronary artery bypass grafting
items: Clinical efficacy of combined treatment methods in uncontrolled arterial hypertension during pregnancy
items: The role of PITX2 rs6817105 and KCNN3 rs13376333 polymorphisms in the risk of atrial fibrillation complicating arterial hypertension.
items: Therapeutic approaches to the management of women with gestational hypertension: a cardiologist’s perspective.
items: Association between disease severity and systemic inflammation in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy
items: Improving preventive measures for salt-sensitive arterial hypertension based on clinical characteristics in the Aral Sea region population
items: Exercise tolerance and quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure and obesity
items: Adherence to drug therapy in patients after acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review of the literature
items: Clinical portrait of a patient who suffered a myocardial infarction and acute cerebrovascular accident, according to outpatient registry data
items: Prevalence of atherosclerotic lesions of the brachiocephalicarteries and their association with cardiovascular risk factors: a cross-sectional study in uzbekistan
items: Effectiveness and prevention of complications of the use of a new generation biodegradable framework - magmaris in acute myocardial infarction
items: Influence of combined pathogenetic treatment on the dynamics of epicardial fat thickness in patients with cad and metabolic syndrome
items: Sudden cardiac death in regularly training young athletes: risk factors and prevention
items: Universality of SPC (Single-Pill Combination) A New Approach to the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases: From Guidelines to Real-World Clinical Practice
items: Improvement of percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy: a systematic literature review
items: Systematic Review of Different Reperfusion Therapy Methods in Patients with ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome: Literature Review
items: The impact of ulinastatin in complex therapy on the incidence of early postoperative complications after coronary artery bypass grafting
items: Heart remodeling in the obstructive form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, efficacy of Morrow septal myectomy
items: Early biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction: clinical implications for the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease
items: The impact of revascularizatıon vıa stenting on left ventricular ejection fraction ın patients with myocardial infarction
items: Application of the Ross operation in children with congenital aortic valve pathology
items: The Role of Adipose Tissue Depots in the Pathogenesis of Coronary Artery Disease: Beyond Body Mass Index
items: The Effect of Posterior Pericardiotomy on the Risk of Supraventricular Arrhythmias after Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (OPCABG)
items: The effect of antihypertensive drugs on cognitive functions
items: Predictors of sudden cardiac death and the impact of coronary artery bypass grafting on their development

The Impact of Nocturnal Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome on Cerebrovascular Complications in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease
type: item
description: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) frequently coexist as comorbid conditions that mutually exacerbate one another. The aim of this review is to evaluate the impact of OSAS on cerebrovascular complications in patients with IHD based on a systematic review of the available literature. Ischemic heart disease (IHD) and sleep disorders, particularly obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), represent one of the most significant challenges in contemporary medicine. Over the past decade, substantial evidence has demonstrated that the coexistence of these two conditions constitutes an independent risk factor for the development of cerebrovascular diseases. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cardiovascular diseases accounted for approximately 31% of all global deaths in 2023. Meanwhile, the global prevalence of OSAS is estimated to range from 15% to 30%, with the condition occurring 2–3 times more frequently in men than in women. Among patients with IHD, the prevalence of OSAS is estimated to reach 40–60%. Cerebrovascular complications, including ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), subcortical leukoencephalopathy, and cognitive impairment, are particularly common in patients with concomitant IHD and OSAS. Pathophysiologically, these complications are associated with hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and sympathetic overactivation. However, the precise mechanisms underlying these associations remain incompletely understood.
subject: Article / Review
  topic: section
subject: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
  topic: keywords
subject: ischemic heart disease
  topic: keywords
subject: ischemic stroke
  topic: keywords
subject: cerebrovascular complications
  topic: keywords
subject: CPAP
  topic: keywords
subject: endothelial dysfunction
  topic: keywords
subject: cognitive impairment
  topic: keywords
creator: Eldor Rakhmanov
creator: Nargiza Mahkamova
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-29
publication date: 2026-03-29
starting page: 66
ending page: 74
doi: 10.70626/cardiouz-2026-3-00079

Use of SGLT-2 Inhibitors in Acute Myocardial Infarction
type: item
description: Cardiorenometabolic syndrome (CRMS) is a multifactorial clinical condition reflecting complex and interrelated pathobiological processes involving the cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic systems. Its central mechanisms include visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, adipokine imbalance, chronic low-grade inflammation (metaflammation), and oxidative stress \cite{1, 2}. This pathological background contributes to the development of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) through endothelial dysfunction, reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, impaired microvascular perfusion, and destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques. In patients with CRMS, AMI differs from the classical ischemic model, as it is characterized not only by impaired coronary blood flow but also by an intense inflammatory response, activation of the immune system, and disturbances in cellular energy metabolism. During the early phase of infarction, damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) activate Toll-like receptors, initiating the NF-κB signaling pathway and increasing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Furthermore, mitochondrial dysfunction and excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) amplify oxidative stress, promoting lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. In recent years, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, particularly dapagliflozin, have attracted considerable attention as agents with broad cardiorenometabolic benefits. Their therapeutic effects are multifaceted and extend well beyond glycemic control. SGLT2 inhibitors exert cardioprotective effects by suppressing inflammatory signaling pathways (NF-κB and the NLRP3 inflammasome), reducing oxidative stress, restoring mitochondrial function, inhibiting the sodium-hydrogen exchanger-1 (NHE1), and decreasing intracellular calcium overload in cardiomyocytes \cite{9, 12}. This review systematically analyzes the role of SGLT2 inhibitors in the pathogene…
subject: Article / Review
  topic: section
subject: Acute myocardial infarction
  topic: keywords
subject: SGLT2 inhibitors
  topic: keywords
subject: dapagliflozin
  topic: keywords
subject: cardiorenometabolic syndrome
  topic: keywords
subject: inflammation
  topic: keywords
subject: oxidative stress
  topic: keywords
subject: ventricular remodeling
  topic: keywords
subject: cardioprotection
  topic: keywords
subject: mitochondrial dysfunction
  topic: keywords
subject: reperfusion injury
  topic: keywords
creator: Sayyora aliyeva
creator: Nigora Srojidinova
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sayyora Z.Aliyeva,Nigora Z.Srojidinova (Muallif) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-29
publication date: 2026-03-29
starting page: 58
ending page: 65
doi: 10.70626/cardiouz-2026-3-00078

Angina pectoris and ischemia of non-obstructive coronary arteries (ANOCA/INOCA): a clinical case
type: item
description: Non-obstructive angina and ischemia of the coronary arteries (ANOCA/INOCA) is a condition in which there are signs of angina and/or ischemia in the absence of significant obstruction of the coronary arteries. This article presents a clinical case and includes a review of the literature. A 52-year-old female patient presented with typical anginal pain, a positive stress test, and no obstructive changes on coronary angiography. As a result of the analysis, a diagnosis of ANOCA/INOCA (microvascular angina) was made. The pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment strategies were reviewed. This case highlights the clinical significance of ANOCA/INOCA and demonstrates the importance of individualized therapy.
subject: Clinical case
  topic: section
subject: ANOCA
  topic: keywords
subject: INOCA
  topic: keywords
subject: angina pectoris
  topic: keywords
subject: ischemia
  topic: keywords
subject: coronary microcirculatory dysfunction
  topic: keywords
subject: vasospasm
  topic: keywords
subject: coronary angiography
  topic: keywords
subject: Treadmil-test
  topic: keywords
creator: Nilufar Usmanova
creator: Kumush Ulugberdiyeva
creator: Dildora Gaynazarova
creator: Davron Quddusov
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Н.A. Усманова, К.Ф. Улугбердиева, Д.А. Гайназарова, Д.И. Қуддусов (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-29
publication date: 2026-03-29
starting page: 51
ending page: 57
doi: 10.70626/cardiouz-2026-3-00077

Molecular Genetic Aspects of Sudden Death in Young Individuals
type: item
description: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) in young individuals is a significant medical and social problem, a substantial proportion of which is caused by inherited disorders of myocardial electrical activity. The aim of this review was to summarize current concepts of the molecular genetic mechanisms of sudden cardiac death in young patients. An analytical review was conducted of current national and international scientific publications, clinical guidelines, and molecular genetic research data devoted to inherited channelopathies. It was shown that the main causes of SCD in children and young adults are inherited channelopathies, including long and short QT syndromes, Brugada syndrome, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, and early ventricular repolarization syndrome. The role of mutations in ion channel genes and regulatory proteins in the formation of the arrhythmogenic substrate is described. Genetic heterogeneity and the overlapping involvement of individual genes in the pathogenesis of various forms of channelopathies are noted. Timely identification of molecular genetic markers of SCD and comprehensive clinical genetic risk assessment make it possible to improve the prevention of life-threatening arrhythmias and optimize the management of patients and their relatives.
subject: Article / Review
  topic: section
subject: Sudden cardiac death
  topic: keywords
subject: channelopathies
  topic: keywords
subject: molecular genetic mechanisms
  topic: keywords
subject: ion channels
  topic: keywords
subject: arrhythmias
  topic: keywords
creator: Ravshanbek Kurbanov
creator: Nigora Srojidinova
creator: Ergashali Tursunov
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-29
publication date: 2026-03-29
starting page: 39
ending page: 50
doi: 10.70626/cardiouz-2026-3-00076

https://cardiojournal.uz/index.php/journal/en/article/view/115
type: item
title: Medical registries of patients after myocardial infarction and stroke: international experience and prospects for standardization for outpatient practice in Uzbekistan (with elements of criticism and proposals for the implementation of a national outpatient registry)
description: Patient registries following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stroke are a key tool for quality control, real-world clinical practice research, and secondary prevention management. This article examines international registry models (SWEDEHEART, ACTION Registry–GWTG, MINAP, Get With The Guidelines–Stroke, Riksstroke/SSNAP, etc.), their strengths and limitations, and the experience of Uzbekistan (national and regional ACS/AMI and stroke registries). Approaches to data standardization and a practical roadmap for launching an outpatient registry for post-AMI and post-stroke in Uzbekistan are proposed, taking into account the ongoing digitalization of healthcare (DMED, Electronic Polyclinic, e-registry) and the specifics of the primary care system.
subject: Article / Review
  topic: section
subject: registry
  topic: keywords
subject: myocardial infarction
  topic: keywords
subject: stroke
  topic: keywords
subject: secondary prevention
  topic: keywords
subject: outpatient care
  topic: keywords
subject: data standardization
  topic: keywords
subject: HL7 FHIR
  topic: keywords
subject: Uzbekistan
  topic: keywords
creator: Raisa Trigulova
creator: Khurshid Fozilov
creator: Dilnoza Alimova
creator: Nilufar Mirakhmedova
creator: Dilshod Sokhibov
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Р.Х Тригулова, Х.Г. Фозилов, Д.А. Алимова, Н.С. Мирахмедова, Д.Д. Сохибов (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
starting page: 26
ending page: 38
doi: 10.70626/cardiouz-2026-3-00075

Clinical and functional characteristics of life support systems during and after coronary artery bypass grafting
type: item
description: Aim. To evaluate the clinical and functional characteristics of vital systems during and after coronary artery bypass grafting. Materials and methods. This study included 160 patients who underwent CABG with and without cardiopulmonary bypass at the Samarkand branch of the Republican Specialized Scientific-Practical Medical Center of Cardiology (2020–2026). Patients were divided into two groups: the main group (n=80), where an individualized algorithm using a multifactorial prognostic scale and ulinastatin was applied, and the control group (n=80), where standard management was used. Hemodynamic monitoring included HR, mean arterial pressure, CVP, stroke and cardiac indices, ejection fraction, cardiac output, and SVR across six stages from admission to discharge. Results. The main group showed improved outcomes: reduced myocardial afterload, stabilized HR and pressure, enhanced cardiac performance, and a shift from hypodynamic to eukinetic circulation. Conclusion. In high-risk patients, this approach reduced complication rates and ICU stay. An individualized strategy with ulinastatin ensures a more stable perioperative course and lowers complication risk.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Coronary artery bypass grafting
  topic: keywords
subject: central hemodynamics
  topic: keywords
subject: postoperative complications
  topic: keywords
subject: intensive care
  topic: keywords
subject: ulinastatin
  topic: keywords
creator: Jasur Yusupov
creator: Mansur Matlubov
creator: Eleanora Khamdamova
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 J.T. Yusupov, M.M. Matlubov , E.G. Hamdamova (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-11
publication date: 2025-12-11
starting page: 364
ending page: 380
doi: 10.70626/cardiouz-2025-2-00067

Clinical efficacy of combined treatment methods in uncontrolled arterial hypertension during pregnancy
type: item
description: Aim: To evaluate the effect of combined antihypertensive therapy on arterial blood pressure parameters in pregnant women with uncontrolled gestational arterial hypertension. Materials and methods: The study included 60 pregnant women diagnosed with gestational arterial hypertension according to the 2018 ESC recommendations, with a gestational age of 20–24 weeks. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: Group 1 (n = 30) — methyldopa (500–1000 mg) + metoprolol succinate (25–50 mg), Group 2 (n = 30) — methyldopa (500–1000 mg) + amlodipine (5–10 mg). In all patients, office arterial blood pressure was measured and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was performed before the initiation of antihypertensive therapy. Results: A significant decrease in systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure was recorded in both groups (p < 0.0001). The degree of blood pressure reduction was higher in Group 2 in terms of systolic and diastolic parameters, which may be explained by the vasodilatory effect of amlodipine. Target systolic blood pressure was observed in 75% of patients in Group 1 and 87% of patients in Group 2, while target diastolic blood pressure was observed in 75% and 91% of patients, respectively. However, no statistically significant difference was found between the groups. Conclusion: Both combined antihypertensive therapy regimens ensured the achievement of target arterial blood pressure levels in pregnant women with gestational arterial hypertension. Although the methyldopa and amlodipine combination showed a greater tendency toward blood pressure reduction, larger studies are required to confirm these results.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Gestational arterial hypertension
  topic: keywords
subject: pregnancy
  topic: keywords
subject: antihypertensive therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: ABP target values
  topic: keywords
creator: M Sadulloyeva
creator: F Zakirova
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Мохинур Садуллоева, Феруза А. Закирова (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-29
publication date: 2026-03-29
starting page: 16
ending page: 25
doi: 10.70626/cardiouz-2026-3-00074

The role of PITX2 rs6817105 and KCNN3 rs13376333 polymorphisms in the risk of atrial fibrillation complicating arterial hypertension.
type: item
description: Aim. To determine the association between polymorphisms of the PITX2 (rs6817105) and KCNN3 (rs13376333) genes and the development of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) in the Uzbek population. Materials and methods. The study included 154 patients with AH. Among them, paroxysmal AF was initially diagnosed in 21 patients (13.64%), persistent AF in 44 patients (28.57%), and permanent AF in 89 patients (57.79%). At the beginning of the study, the mean age of patients with AH and AF was 64.1±10.35 years. The control group consisted of AH patients without AF (n=91), with a mean age of 56.03±12.18 years. Clinical and instrumental examinations, including ECG, echocardiography, and Holter monitoring, were performed. Molecular genetic analysis of isolated DNA was carried out using real-time PCR. The association of polymorphisms with AF was assessed using logistic regression analysis and various inheritance models. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistica 10.0 and SNPassoc (R) software. Results. The study revealed statistically significant associations between the risk of atrial fibrillation development and the PITX2 gene rs6817105 polymorphism as well as the KCNN3 gene rs13376333 polymorphism in Uzbek patients with arterial hypertension. The PITX2 rs6817105 polymorphism showed a strong association with atrial fibrillation: carriage of the minor C allele increased the risk of AF development 2.76-fold under the log-additive inheritance model (OR = 2.76; p = 3.27×10⁻⁷). The KCNN3 rs13376333 polymorphism also demonstrated a significant association with AF. The C allele was significantly more frequent in patients with rhythm disorders and increased the risk of AF development under the log-additive model (OR = 1.63; p = 0.020). Conclusion. For the first time, an association between the PITX2 gene rs6817105 polymorphism and the KCNN3 gene rs13376333 polymorphism with atrial fibrillation has been identified in AH patients of the Uzbek pop…
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Arterial hypertension
  topic: keywords
subject: atrial fibrillation
  topic: keywords
subject: PITX2 gene rs6817105 polymorphism
  topic: keywords
subject: KCNN3 gene rs13376333 polymorphism
  topic: keywords
creator: Zaringiz Mashkurova
creator: Guzal Abdullaeva
creator: Darya Zakirova
creator: Gulrux Rajabova
creator: Gulnoza Xamidullayeva
creator: Alisher Abdullaev
creator: Bekzod Rozibaev
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Z.T. Mashkurova, G.J. Abdullaeva, D.V. Zakirova, G.M. Radjabova, G.A. Khamidullaeva, A.A. Abdullaev, B.I. Rozibaev (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-03-29
publication date: 2025-03-29
starting page: 4
ending page: 15
doi: 10.70626/cardiouz-2026-3-00073

Therapeutic approaches to the management of women with gestational hypertension: a cardiologist’s perspective.
type: item
description: The need to expand knowledge about the early stages of gestational therapy for pregnant women with hypertensive disorders is driven by several factors. First, the selection of the optimal antihypertensive therapy regimen is limited by the feasibility of conducting large-scale studies in representative populations due to time constraints and the responsibility for the life of not only the mother but also the child. Second, current recommendations generally recommend initiating therapy by titrating a single drug regardless of blood pressure levels, limiting the use of combination regimens. Third, the identification of specific cardiac risks is limited by the timely implementation of an effective screening strategy.
subject: Article / Review
  topic: section
subject: Gestational hypertension
  topic: keywords
subject: pregnancy
  topic: keywords
subject: antihypertensive therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: target blood pressure level
  topic: keywords
creator: Mokhinur Sadulloeva
creator: Feruza Zakirova
creator: Saida Ikramova
creator: Rustam Hazratkulov
creator: Muhammad Rustamov
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 М.А. Садуллоева , Ф.А. Закирова , С.А. Икрамова , Р.Р. Хазраткулов , М.М. Рустамов (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-13
publication date: 2025-12-13
starting page: 407
ending page: 415
doi: 10.70626/cardiouz-2025-2-00072

Association between disease severity and systemic inflammation in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy
type: item
description: Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between clinical-hemodynamic parameters and inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α) in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Materials and methods. The study included 42 patients (mean age 38.5±1.2 years) with dilated cardiomyopathy and chronic heart failure classified as NYHA functional class II–IV. The patients were divided into two groups: Group I – class II (n=12) and Group II – class III–IV (n=30). Results. As heart failure severity increased (class III–IV), serum levels of C-reactive protein (7.6±1.1 mg/L vs. 4.1±0.6 mg/L, p<0.05), IL-6 (7.5±0.8 pg/mL vs. 4.6±0.2 pg/mL, p<0.01), and TNF- α (8.1±0.9 pg/mL vs. 5.6±0.7 pg/mL, p<0.05) were significantly elevated. These changes were associated with left ventricular dilatation (LVEDD 58±1 mm, p<0.05) and reduced ejection fraction (34.7±1.8%, p<0.05). Conclusion. The findings suggest that inflammatory markers play a crucial role in assessing the severity and prognosis of dilated cardiomyopathy and chronic heart failure.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: dilated cardiomyopathy
  topic: keywords
subject: chronic heart failure
  topic: keywords
subject: inflammation
  topic: keywords
subject: C-reactive protein
  topic: keywords
subject: interleukin-6
  topic: keywords
subject: tumor necrosis factor-α
  topic: keywords
subject: colchicine
  topic: keywords
creator: Timur Abdullayev
creator: Mahmud Rakhmatov
creator: Khumoyun Gulomov
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Т.А. Абдуллаев, М.М. Рахматов, Х.А. Гуломов (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-10
publication date: 2025-11-10
starting page: 348
ending page: 354
doi: 10.70626/cardiouz-2025-2-00065

Improving preventive measures for salt-sensitive arterial hypertension based on clinical characteristics in the Aral Sea region population
type: item
description: Aim. The aim of the work was to improve preventive measures based on the prevalence and clinical characteristics of salt-sensitive arterial hypertension in primary health care facilities among the Aral Sea region population. Materials and methods. The study included 1,021 patients with salt-sensitive arterial hypertension from family clinics affiliated with the Ellikkal’a District Medical Association. All patients underwent clinical and laboratory-instrumental examinations. Results. The results of our study showed that patients with a high salt tolerance had more pronounced clinical features of arterial hypertension than patients with a low salt tolerance. Conclusion. According to the conclusions of our study, periodic assessment of cardiovascular disease risk factors based on the PEN protocol and prevention in primary care settings effectively contribute to the regression of non-communicable diseases and improvement of health indicators in the population of this region.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Arterial hypertension
  topic: keywords
subject: sodium
  topic: keywords
subject: prevention
  topic: keywords
creator: Khurshid Ataniyazov
creator: Khurshid Fozilov
creator: Gulnoza Khamidullaeva
creator: Guzal Abdullaeva
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Х.Х. Атаниязов, Х.Г. Фозилов, Г.А. Хамидуллаева, Г.Ж. Абдуллаева (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-05
publication date: 2025-12-05
starting page: 338
ending page: 347
doi: 10.70626/cardiouz-2025-2-00064

Exercise tolerance and quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure and obesity
type: item
description: Aim. To assess exercise tolerance and quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and obesity depending on the presence of metabolic syndrome (MS). Materials and methods. The study included patients with obesity and CHF (main group) and obese individuals without CHF (control group), stratified by the presence/absence of MS. Treadmill test parameters were evaluated (duration, maximal workload, VO₂, chronotropic index, heart rate increase, peak systolic blood pressure [SBP] and its increment), along with quality of life using the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) and the SF-36 survey. Results. Patients with MS demonstrated significantly lower exercise tolerance: reduced treadmill duration, VO₂, chronotropic index, and heart rate increase, accompanied by a greater increment of SBP. According to MLHFQ, patients with MS reported worse physical and emotional functioning and a higher total score (indicating poorer quality of life). On SF-36, MS was associated with reduced physical functioning and general health. Conclusion. The presence of MS in patients with CHF and obesity is associated with reduced exercise tolerance and impaired quality of life, underscoring the need for comprehensive cardiometabolic rehabilitation aimed at correcting metabolic disturbances and improving functional reserve.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: chronic heart failure
  topic: keywords
subject: obesity
  topic: keywords
subject: metabolic syndrome
  topic: keywords
subject: exercise tolerance
  topic: keywords
subject: quality of life
  topic: keywords
subject: SF-36
  topic: keywords
subject: MLHFQ
  topic: keywords
creator: Nargiza Tashkenbaeva
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Н.Ф. Ташкенбаева (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-10
publication date: 2025-11-10
starting page: 344
ending page: 350
doi: 10.70626/cardiouz-2025-2-00066

Adherence to drug therapy in patients after acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review of the literature
type: item
description: Aim. To systematically analyze current approaches to assessing and improving medication adherence in patients after acute myocardial infarction during outpatient follow-up, with a particular focus on factors influencing treatment adherence and the role of a multidisciplinary approach. Materials and Methods. A systematic review of the literature on medication adherence after acute myocardial infarction was conducted. Data from large international studies were analyzed, including a meta-analysis of 10 studies involving 106,002 patients, the 2023 American Heart Association scientific statement, the 2023 ESC and 2025 ACC/AHA guidelines, and current cardiac rehabilitation programs. Results. A meta-analysis showed that good adherence to drug therapy is associated with reduced all-cause mortality (odds ratio 0.56; 95% CI: 0.45-0.69), cardiovascular mortality (OR 0.66; 95% CI: 0.51-0.87), and hospitalization rates (OR 0.61; 95% CI: 0.45-0.82). Non-adherence to therapy occurs in 30% of patients after myocardial infarction. Shared decision making, structured cardiac rehabilitation programs, and the involvement of multidisciplinary teams significantly improve long-term treatment adherence. Conclusion. Adherence to drug therapy is a key factor in improving the prognosis of patients after acute myocardial infarction. A multidisciplinary approach, including shared decision making, patient education, pharmaceutical counseling, and the use of digital technologies, demonstrates the greatest effectiveness in improving adherence.
subject: Article / Review
  topic: section
subject: acute myocardial infarction
  topic: keywords
subject: adherence to therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: outpatient monitoring
  topic: keywords
subject: cardiac rehabilitation
  topic: keywords
subject: shared decision making
  topic: keywords
creator: Dilshod Sokhibov
creator: Raisa Trigulova
creator: Nilufar Mirakhmedova
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Д.Д. Сохибов , Р.Х. Тригулова , Н.С. Мирахмедова (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 399
ending page: 406
doi: 10.70626/cardiouz-2025-2-00071

Clinical portrait of a patient who suffered a myocardial infarction and acute cerebrovascular accident, according to outpatient registry data
type: item
description: Purpose: to determine the clinical and epidemiological characteristics and laboratory and instrumental research indicators, the profile of cardiovascular risk factors in patients who have suffered myocardial infarction and stroke, and to establish their adherence to treatment before and after the reference event over a 12-year observation period. Materials and methods. An analysis of data from 410 patients who presented to an outpatient clinic between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2022, with confirmed acute (recurrent) myocardial infarction and/or stroke was conducted. Statistical software packages (SPSS, SAS, STATISTIKA 10, Stata) and programming languages ​​(R, Python) were used. Results. Lipid metabolism disorders were detected in 36.8% (n=151). Hypolipidemic therapy was prescribed in 21.7% (n=89) of patients, and in the stroke group - 7.9% (n=18). In patients who had a history of MI and stroke, it was 45% (n=9). Among patients with MI (MI group), lipid-lowering therapy was prescribed in 38.5% (n=6). 2.4% (n=10) of excess weight decreased, 1.9% (n=8) of those who quit smoking, 3.4% (n=14) of those who achieved target lipidogram values, 0.2% (n=1) of those who adjusted their diet, and 0.2% (n=1) of those who improved physical activity. The highest level of compliance with recommended measures was observed in relation to the treatment of arterial hypertension - 88.5% (n=363). Conclusion. In patients who have had myocardial infarction and stroke, the following clinical, epidemiological and laboratory characteristics have been identified, as well as the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors: smoking, alcohol abuse, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity and diabetes mellitus.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: registers
  topic: keywords
subject: myocardial infarction
  topic: keywords
subject: acute cerebrovascular accident
  topic: keywords
subject: quality of medical care
  topic: keywords
subject: outpatient clinics
  topic: keywords
creator: Natalya Pobivantseva
creator: Natalya Kononchuk
creator: Olga Mikulskaya
creator: Elena Grigorenko
creator: Natalya Mitkovskaya
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Н.Ф. Побиванцева , Н.Б. Конончук , О.В. Микульская , Е.А. Григоренко , Н.П. Митьковская (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 322
ending page: 329
doi: 10.70626/cardiouz-2025-2-00068

Prevalence of atherosclerotic lesions of the brachiocephalicarteries and their association with cardiovascular risk factors: a cross-sectional study in uzbekistan
type: item
description: Aim. To assess the prevalence of atherosclerotic lesions of the brachiocephalic arteries (BCA), their association with cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular risk according to the SCORE scale in the population of Uzbekistan. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study (conducted in 2025 using 2022 data) included 6,425 patients (47.6% men, 52.4% women; mean age 54.0 ± 23.1 years) at the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Cardiology, Uzbekistan. Carotid and brachiocephalic ultrasound was performed using a short protocol assessing stenosis in four segments [1]. The following parameters were analyzed: age, total cholesterol (TC), arterial hypertension (AH), smoking, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP). Cardiovascular risk was determined using the SCORE system [2]. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26. Results. BCA lesions were detected in 54.8% of patients. Age correlated with the presence of lesions (Spearman’s ρ = 0.219, p < 0.01), while TC did not (ρ = 0.032, p = 0.207). Men over 50 years had more extensive lesions (7.9% with four affected segments) compared to women (2.6%). According to the SCORE scale, men and patients over 50 years had a moderate to high cardiovascular risk (4–8%). Conclusion. Age is the key risk factor for atherosclerosis of the brachiocephalic arteries. The high prevalence of arterial hypertension emphasizes the need for preventive measures in Uzbekistan.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: atherosclerosis
  topic: keywords
subject: brachiocephalic arteries
  topic: keywords
subject: cardiovascular risk
  topic: keywords
subject: SCORE
  topic: keywords
subject: Uzbekistan
  topic: keywords
creator: Feruza Bekmetova
creator: Munozhat Khotamova
creator: Saodat Abdullaeva
creator: Sherzod Orinbaev
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ф.М. Бекметова , М.Н. Хотамова , С.Я. Абдуллаева , Ш.А. Оринбаев (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-03
publication date: 2025-12-03
starting page: 314
ending page: 321
doi: 10.70626/cardiouz-2025-2-00062

Effectiveness and prevention of complications of the use of a new generation biodegradable framework - magmaris in acute myocardial infarction
type: item
description: Aim. To evaluate the immediate clinical and angiographic success in patients with NSTEMI, who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with the installation of a new generation of resorbable scaffolds “Magmaris”. Materials and methods. Material and methods: clinical data of 64 patients with an acute form of coronary artery disease (49 men and 15 women) who were fitted with a biodegradable Magmaris frame were used. Anamnestic, general clinical, laboratory and coronary angiographic data were obtained from patients with acute forms of coronary artery disease who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with the installation of a Magmaris BVS frame as endovascular treatment. Results. Implantation of bioresorbable scaffolds "Magmaris" in patients with coronary artery disease was characterized by immediate good angiographic success in 100% of cases and clinical success in 95.8% of cases. Patients with low LVEF were characterized by a higher SYNTAX score (p <0.001), a greater number of multivessel lesions (p> 0.05), the involvement of a larger number of coronary basins (p> 0.05), and a greater number of stenotic segments per patient (p> 0.05) and, accordingly, a longer atherosclerotic lesion. This was confirmed by an inverse correlation (which did not reach the level of reliability), which may have been due to the small size of the sample under study. The presence of CKD, according to angiographic characteristics, was associated with a greater number of multivessel and complex (type "C" according to the ACC / ANA classification) lesions, a greater number of stenotic segments and, accordingly, the implantation of more devices, while the immediate angiographic success of the PCI procedure was 100%, but clinical success was 5.9% lower, than in patients without CKD. Comorbidity with type 2 diabetes, according to angiographic characteristics, was accompanied by a relatively longer and more severe type (type "C") of atherosclerotic lesions of the coronary art…
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Bioresorbable scaffold
  topic: keywords
subject: coronary angiography
  topic: keywords
subject: immediate angiographic success
  topic: keywords
subject: immediate clinical success
  topic: keywords
subject: chronic kidney disease
  topic: keywords
subject: diabetes mellitus
  topic: keywords
creator: Sardor Kholikulov
creator: Nabijon Yuldoshev
creator: Aziz Eshpulatov
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 С.Ш. Холикулов, Н.П. Юлдошев, Aziz Eshpulatov (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-03
publication date: 2025-12-03
starting page: 301
ending page: 313
doi: 10.70626/cardiouz-2025-2-00061

Influence of combined pathogenetic treatment on the dynamics of epicardial fat thickness in patients with cad and metabolic syndrome
type: item
description: Aim. To evaluate the influence of combined hypolipidemic therapy (statins in combination with ezetimibe and fenofibrate) and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on epicardial fat thickness in patients with coronary heart disease and metabolic syndrome. Materials and methods: The study included 49 patients with coronary heart disease and metabolic syndrome who underwent treatment at the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Cardiology. The patients were divided into 2 groups: 1) intensive statin therapy in combination with ezetimibe, 2) with the addition of fenofibrate and SGLT2 inhibitors. All patients underwent biochemical tests and imaging marker assessments, followed by comparison of the dynamics within and between groups. Results. When comparing two groups receiving different types of therapy, both groups demonstrated a significant decrease in lipid parameters: LDL-C p<0.001, TC p<0.001, TG p<0.001. Additionally, the group treated with fenofibrate and SGLT2 inhibitors showed a more significant reduction in epicardial fat (11.4 mm in the first group and 10.4 mm in the second group, p<0.05). Conclusion: Pathogenetic therapy with the inclusion of fenofibrate and SGLT2 inhibitors more effectively reduces the level of EFT, as well as TG, VLDL-C, and the TG/HDL index.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: coronary artery disease
  topic: keywords
subject: epicardial fat thickness
  topic: keywords
subject: sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors
  topic: keywords
subject: metabolic syndrome
  topic: keywords
subject: fenofibrate
  topic: keywords
creator: Andrey Kim
creator: Aleksandr Shek
creator: Rano Alieva
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 A.R. Kim, A.B. Shek, R.B. Alieva (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 202
ending page: 211
doi: 10.70626/cardiouz-2025-2-00052

Sudden cardiac death in regularly training young athletes: risk factors and prevention
type: item
description: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) in young athletes engaged in regular intensive training represents a rare but highly significant clinical and social problem. Although the incidence is low, SCD typically occurs unexpectedly during physical exertion or shortly thereafter, often as the first manifestation of previously undiagnosed cardiovascular disease. The main etiological factors include hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, and primary electrical disorders such as long QT syndrome. Risk stratification is based on a comprehensive approach that involves clinical history, physical examination, resting and exercise electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography, and, in selected cases, genetic testing. Recent consensus statements highlight the importance of improving ECG interpretation criteria to reduce false-positive results in athletes. Preventive strategies include pre-participation cardiovascular screening, continuous follow-up of high-risk groups, and timely intervention in suspected cases. Equally important are emergency measures, including cardiopulmonary resuscitation and rapid use of automated external defibrillators, which significantly improve survival outcomes. Awareness of potential risk factors, combined with optimized screening protocols and personalized decision-making, may reduce the incidence of SCD in the athletic population.
subject: Clinical case
  topic: section
subject: sudden cardiac death
  topic: keywords
subject: athletes
  topic: keywords
subject: risk factors
  topic: keywords
subject: screening
  topic: keywords
subject: channelopathies
  topic: keywords
creator: Ergashali Tursunov
creator: Ravshanbek Kurbanov
creator: Nodir Zakirov
creator: Nigora Srojidinova
creator: Alisher Rasulov
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 E. Турсунов, Р. Д. Курбанов, Н.У. Закиров, Н.З. Сроджидинова, А. С. Расулов (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 381
ending page: 390
doi: 10.70626/cardiouz-2025-2-00069

Universality of SPC (Single-Pill Combination) A New Approach to the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases: From Guidelines to Real-World Clinical Practice
type: item
description: In the modern ESH (2023) and ESC (2024) guidelines on arterial hypertension (AH), the following key provisions for the use of combination therapies from the start of treatment have been clearly formulated for the first time: the use of single-pill combinations (SPCs) should be preferred at any stage of treatment, i.e., at the initiation of therapy with a combination of two drugs and at any other stage of treatment (Class I recommendation, Level of Evidence B). These statements have also been incorporated into the 2024 clinical guidelines on AH in adults by the Russian Cardiological Society (RCS) and the 2025 National Clinical Protocol on AH by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan. This article presents a new approach to the treatment of cardiovascular diseases using universal SPCs in real-world clinical practice
subject: Clinical case
  topic: section
subject: cardiovascular diseases
  topic: keywords
subject: arterial hypertension
  topic: keywords
subject: ischemic heart disease
  topic: keywords
subject: chronic heart failure
  topic: keywords
subject: single pill combination
  topic: keywords
subject: fixed-dose combination
  topic: keywords
creator: Khurshid Fozilov
creator: Gulnoz Khamidullaeva
creator: Guzal Abdullaeva
creator: Guzal Mullabaeva
creator: Nazima Salimova
creator: Krzysztof Filipiak
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 H. G. Fozilov, G. A. Khamidullayeva, G. J. Abdullayeva, G. U. Mullabayeva, N.R. Salimova, K. Y. Filipyak (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 220
ending page: 237
doi: 10.70626/cardiouz-2025-2-00054

Improvement of percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy: a systematic literature review
type: item
description: Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and identify opportunities for its improvement, as well as to conduct a comparative analysis with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Materials and methods. A systematic search of medical literature published from 2017 to 2025 was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. 110 sources from high-impact factor journals were analyzed, including key randomized controlled trials (STICH, REVIVED-BCIS2), meta-analyses, and systematic reviews on ischemic cardiomyopathy and revascularization methods. Results. Ischemic cardiomyopathy is the leading global cause of heart failure, in the treatment of which revascularization plays an important role alongside quadruple pharmacotherapy. PCI demonstrates superior stroke risk reduction compared to CABG, while CABG excels in reducing repeat revascularization needs and improving long-term survival. In patients achieving complete revascularization, mortality risk decreased by 34% and repeat revascularization risk by 33%. Conclusion. When choosing between PCI and CABG in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy, patient clinical characteristics, coronary anatomy, and comorbidities must be considered. The degree of revascularization and myocardial viability are important factors determining clinical outcomes.
subject: Article / Review
  topic: section
subject: ischemic cardiomyopathy
  topic: keywords
subject: percutaneous coronary intervention
  topic: keywords
subject: coronary artery bypass grafting
  topic: keywords
subject: heart failure
  topic: keywords
subject: revascularization
  topic: keywords
subject: myocardial viability
  topic: keywords
creator: Khurshid Fozilov
creator: Abdulatif Abdukomilov
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Х.Г. Фозилов, А.М. Абдукамилов (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 391
ending page: 398
doi: 10.70626/cardiouz-2025-2-00070

Systematic Review of Different Reperfusion Therapy Methods in Patients with ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome: Literature Review
type: item
description: Aim. Systematic analysis and comparison of different reperfusion therapy methods in patients with ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (STEMI), including primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) and thrombolytic therapy (TLT), with emphasis on time factor and COVID-19 pandemic impact. Materials and methods. A systematic review of prospective randomized and observational studies comparing pPCI and TLT effectiveness in STEMI patients was conducted. Data from major international trials including DANAMI-2 (1572 patients), PRAGUE-2, STAT, GISSI, ISACS-STEMI COVID-19, meta-analyses of 23 studies, and modern global longitudinal strain assessment methods were analyzed. Results. Meta-analysis of 23 randomized studies showed statistically significant pPCI advantages over TLT: 30-day mortality 8.0% vs 13.7% (p=0.0003), recurrent infarction 3.8% vs 7.0% (p<0.05), revascularization need 5.7% vs 25.2% (p<0.001). "Golden hour" concept was confirmed. COVID-19 pandemic led to 19-30.5% reduction in STEMI presentations and worse prognosis. Conclusion. pPCI demonstrates statistically significant advantages over TLT, however method selection should consider time factor and technical availability. Modern global longitudinal strain assessment methods improve prognostic accuracy.
subject: Article / Review
  topic: section
subject: acute coronary syndrome
  topic: keywords
subject: reperfusion therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: primary PCI
  topic: keywords
subject: thrombolysis
  topic: keywords
subject: global longitudinal strain
  topic: keywords
subject: COVID-19
  topic: keywords
creator: Khurshid Fozilov
creator: Bakhtiyor Atamuratov
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 H.G. Fozilov, B.R. Atamuratov (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 280
ending page: 286
doi: 10.70626/cardiouz-2025-2-59

The impact of ulinastatin in complex therapy on the incidence of early postoperative complications after coronary artery bypass grafting
type: item
description: Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of ulinastatin as part of complex therapy in reducing the incidence of early postoperative complications in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease after CABG. Materials and methods. The study included 160 patients treated in the cardiac surgery intensive care unit. They were divided into a main group (80 patients, who underwent risk prediction using a multifactorial scale and received ulinastatin) and a control group (80 patients, who received standard treatment). Research methods comprised clinical observation, application of the prognostic risk assessment scale, laboratory determination of inflammatory markers, and statistical analysis using Student’s t-test, the Mann–Whitney test, and Pearson’s correlation. Results. In the main group, the incidence of hyperthermia and pneumonia was 50% and 10%, compared with 100% and 12.5% in the control group. ARDS and multiple organ failure were three times less frequent (1.25% vs. 3.75%), mediastinitis occurred in 1.25% vs. 3.75%, and postoperative wound infection in 3.75% vs. 6.25%. No lethal outcomes were recorded in the main group, whereas mortality in the control group reached 2.5%. Conclusion. The combined use of a multifactorial risk prediction scale and ulinastatin reduces the severity of systemic inflammatory response, lowers the frequency of early complications, and prevents mortality after CABG.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Coronary artery bypass grafting
  topic: keywords
subject: postoperative complications
  topic: keywords
subject: ulinastatin
  topic: keywords
subject: risk prediction scale
  topic: keywords
creator: Jasur Yusupov
creator: Mansur Matlubov
creator: Rustam Kushnazarov
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ж.Т. Юсупов , М.М. Матлубов , Р.С. Кушназаров (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-05
publication date: 2025-12-05
starting page: 330
ending page: 337
doi: 10.70626/cardiouz-2025-2-00063

Heart remodeling in the obstructive form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, efficacy of Morrow septal myectomy
type: item
description: Obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (OHCMP) is a disease characterized by cardiac remodeling due to genetic factors. OHCMP can cause the development of dynamic obstruction in the outflow tract of the left ventricle, diastolic dysfunction, mitral regurgitation, myocardial ischemia, and cardiac arrhythmias. Clinically, patients are manifested by symptoms of heart failure. OHCMP is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death, especially in young people and among athletes. According to the results of epidemiological observations conducted in the USA and European countries, sudden cardiac death in athletes under 35 years of age is associated with OHCMP in 30–40% of cases. Today, despite the availability of modern non-invasive methods of treating the disease, the effectiveness of the surgical method prevails. The article analyzes the data presented in the literature on the features of cardiac remodeling in this disease, the results of clinical studies conducted in this area, and the effectiveness of treatment methods
subject: Article / Review
  topic: section
subject: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
  topic: keywords
subject: Morrow myectomy
  topic: keywords
subject: astolic dysfunction
  topic: keywords
subject: cardiac remodeling
  topic: keywords
creator: Nargis Rasulova
creator: Timur Abdullayev
creator: Adhamjon Hakimov
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 N. Rasulova, T.A. Abdullaev, A.A. Khakimov (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 273
ending page: 279
doi: 10.70626/cardiouz-2025-2-58

Early biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction: clinical implications for the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease
type: item
description: This review synthesizes current evidence on early biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction (ED) in cardiovascular disease (CVD), emphasizing their role in diagnosis, prognosis, and management. ED, characterized by reduced nitric oxide bioavailability and increased inflammation, serves as a reversible precursor to atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and events like myocardial infarction. Established biomarkers, including adhesion molecules, cytokines, and inflammatory markers, reflect endothelial activation and predict CVD risk, with recent studies confirming their utility in hypertension. Emerging focus on L-arginine derivatives, particularly asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), highlights its specificity as an endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, associated with vascular impairment in hypertension, diabetes, and CVD. Clinical trials, such as the AtheroGene and Framingham Offspring studies, demonstrate ADMA’s prognostic value for major adverse events. Future directions advocate integrating ADMA into multi-biomarker panels with AI and omics for personalized medicine, addressing gaps in standardization and early detection. Non-invasive techniques like flow-mediated dilation and ultrasound-derived markers complement biomarkers for subclinical CVD assessment. Overall, biomarker-driven strategies promise enhanced CVD prevention and tailored therapies.
subject: Article / Review
  topic: section
subject: endothelial dysfunction
  topic: keywords
subject: asymmetric dimethylarginine
  topic: keywords
subject: homeostasis
  topic: keywords
subject: nitric oxide
  topic: keywords
subject: biomarker
  topic: keywords
creator: Nargiza Nurillayeva
creator: Nigora Srojidinova
creator: Munisakhon Makhkamova
creator: Lola Khafizova
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 N.M. Nurillayeva, N.Z. Srozhidinova, M.A. Makhkamova, L. Khafizova (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 264
ending page: 272
doi: 10.70626/cardiouz-2025-2-57

The impact of revascularizatıon vıa stenting on left ventricular ejection fraction ın patients with myocardial infarction
type: item
description: Aim. To evaluate the one-year dynamic effect of complete or incomplete revascularization on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in patients with a history of myocardial infarction (MI) who have preserved or mildly reduced LVEF. Materials and methods. The study included 270 patients with a history of MI. All patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography and coronary angiography (CAG) based on clinical examination findings. Depending on the number of affected atherosclerotic coronary vessels and the extent of stenting performed, patients were divided into three groups: Complete revascularization (CR) (n=115), Incomplete revascularization (IR) (n=94), and No revascularization (NR) (n=61). After the procedure, all patients were discharged with standard treatment. After one year, follow-up echocardiographic assessment of LVEF was performed. Results. In the CR group, LVEF increased significantly from 54.0 [47.0; 59.7] to 55.7 [46.9; 61.4] (p = 0.017). In the IR group, LVEF increased from 53.9 [43.7; 56.4] to 55.7 [46.9; 61.4], but the change was not statistically significant (p = 0.458). In the NR group, LVEF decreased from 50.7 [45.0; 56.3] to 48.2 [41.8; 54.3] (p = 0.011). No statistically significant differences were observed between groups in terms of diastolic function parameters of the left ventricle. Conclusion. In post-infarction patients, complete anatomical revascularization of affected coronary arteries via stenting has a significantly positive impact on the improvement of LVEF.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: myocardial infarction
  topic: keywords
subject: ejection fraction
  topic: keywords
subject: stenting
  topic: keywords
subject: revascularization
  topic: keywords
subject: heart failure
  topic: keywords
creator: Ergashali Tursunov
creator: Ravshanbek Kurbanov
creator: Nodir Zakirov
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 E.Y. Tursunov, R.D. Kurbanov, N.U. Zakirov (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 192
ending page: 201
doi: 10.70626/cardiouz-2025-2-51

Application of the Ross operation in children with congenital aortic valve pathology
type: item
description: Aim. To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of the Ross procedure in children with congenital aortic valve disease. The main aim of the study was to determine the physiological and hemodynamic advantages of the Ross operation compared to conventional valve replacement techniques. Materials and methods. A total of 14 pediatric patients who underwent the Ross procedure at the Medion Innovation Center between 2022 and 2025 were analyzed. The primary diagnoses were aortic stenosis (n = 9) and aortic insufficiency (n = 5). In all cases, the full-root replacement technique was applied. Postoperative echocardiographic parameters, including transvalvular pressure gradient and degree of regurgitation, were assessed. Results. A significant improvement in postoperative hemodynamic parameters was observed in all patients. The mean aortic pressure gradient decreased from 45 ± 12 mm Hg to 8 ± 3 mm Hg, and no clinically significant regurgitation was detected. No early postoperative complications or autograft dysfunction were reported during the follow-up period. Conclusion. The Ross procedure is an effective and safe surgical method for treating congenital aortic valve pathology in children. It restores near-physiological hemodynamics, improves long-term outcomes, and reduces the need for reoperation. The results support broader implementation of the Ross procedure in pediatric cardiac surgery practice.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Ross procedure
  topic: keywords
subject: congenital aortic stenosis
  topic: keywords
subject: aortic insufficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: pediatric cardiac surgery
  topic: keywords
subject: aortic root replacement
  topic: keywords
subject: echocardiography
  topic: keywords
subject: hemodynamics
  topic: keywords
creator: Yuri Sinelnikov
creator: Arabbek Kayumov
creator: Shohruh Adylov
creator: Nigora Zakirova
creator: Egor Lyzhin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Yu.S. Sinelnikov, A.R. Kayumov, Sh.Sh. Adilov, N.A. Zoirova, E.M. Ligin (Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-17
publication date: 2025-10-17
starting page: 183
ending page: 191
doi: 10.70626/cardiouz-2025-2-50

The Role of Adipose Tissue Depots in the Pathogenesis of Coronary Artery Disease: Beyond Body Mass Index
type: item
description: In recent years, researchers have focused on the role of various adipose tissue depots in the development of coronary artery disease (CAD), extending beyond traditional obesity assessments based on body mass index (BMI). Visceral adipose tissue, epicardial fat, fatty liver disease (currently termed metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease), and perivascular adipose tissue actively participate in CAD pathogenesis through mechanisms of systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and atherosclerosis. Visceral fat, characterized by high metabolic activity, secretes proinflammatory cytokines that promote insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Epicardial fat surrounding the coronary arteries exerts local effects by releasing adipokines that may accelerate the progression of atherosclerotic plaques. Fatty liver disease is associated with dyslipidemia and enhanced systemic inflammation, increasing cardiovascular risk. Perivascular adipose tissue regulates vascular tone and inflammation, and its dysfunction contributes to arterial stiffness and hypertension. The relevance of studying these adipose depots lies in the need to identify new biomarkers and targets for personalized prevention and treatment of CAD. Traditional obesity assessment methods such as BMI, fail to reflect adipose tissue distribution and metabolic activity, underscoring the importance of more detailed investigation into the role of various fat depots in cardiovascular pathology.
subject: Article / Review
  topic: section
subject: coronary artery disease
  topic: keywords
subject: local adipose depots
  topic: keywords
subject: obesity
  topic: keywords
subject: visceral obesity
  topic: keywords
subject: epicardial adipose tissue
  topic: keywords
subject: metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
  topic: keywords
subject: perivascular adipose tissue
  topic: keywords
creator: Dilnora Yusupaliyeva
creator: Rano Aliyeva
creator: Shokhista Akhmedova
creator: Aleksandr Shek
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Doctor of Biological Sciences Yusupalieva, R. N.B. N. Aliyeva, S. N.S. N. Akhmedova, A. N.B. N. Doubt (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 248
ending page: 263
doi: 10.70626/cardiouz-2025-2-56

The Effect of Posterior Pericardiotomy on the Risk of Supraventricular Arrhythmias after Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (OPCABG)
type: item
description: Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of posterior pericardiotomy in reducing the risk of postoperative supraventricular arrhythmias in patients who underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Materials and methods. This study was conducted at the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Cardiology. The study included 220 patients with coronary artery disease who had indications for surgical intervention. The average age of the patients was 58,6±7,2years, including 31 women and 189 men. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. 110 patients in the first group underwent posterior pericardiotomy, and 110 patients in the second group did not undergo this procedure. All patients underwent Holter ECG monitoring (HMECG) 5 days and 24 hours before the surgery. Results. According to the monitoring results, 48 patients developed POAF after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting, which accounted for 21.8% of the total number of patients. Analysis of clinical and anamnestic parameters showed the following. The groups did not differ significantly in age and gender (Table 1). Arterial hypertension was more common in the group with POAF - 95.1% compared to 44.3% in the group without POAF (X2 = 29.9; p < 0.001). Also, patients in the main group were more likely to be obese than in the group without POAF (X2 = 7.1; p = 0.008). Diabetes mellitus (DM) was also significantly more common in patients with POAF - 68.5% compared to 30.5% (X2 = 17; p < 0.001). Conclusion. According to our results, 21.8% of patients after off-pump CABG had POAF. The main reasons for this were the patient’s age, left atrial dilation, comorbidities, and myocardial fibrosis. It can be concluded that posterior pericardiotomy significantly reduces the incidence of supraventricular arrhythmias. It also reduces the incidence of cardiac tamponade, thromboembolic complications, and the length of stay in the intensive care unit and rehabilitation unit, which saves hospital reso…
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG)
  topic: keywords
subject: postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF)
  topic: keywords
subject: Holter monitoring electrocardiography (HM ECG)
  topic: keywords
subject: diabetes mellitus (DM)
  topic: keywords
creator: Ogabek Zhabbarov
creator: Guzal Mullabaeva
creator: Islam Sharipov
creator: Khurshid Fozilov
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 О.О. Джаббаров, Г.У. Муллабаева, И.М. Шарипов, Х.Г. Фозилов (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
starting page: 291
ending page: 300
doi: 10.70626/cardiouz-2025-2-00060

The effect of antihypertensive drugs on cognitive functions
type: item
description: According to the World Health Organization data, 1.13 billion people worldwide suffer from arterial hypertension, with only 21% under proper control. Dementia currently negatively affects the quality of life of 55 million people worldwide, with one new case recorded every 3.2 seconds. Analyzing the effects of antihypertensive medications on cognitive function and evaluating protective mechanisms against dementia development is currently considered one of the urgent issues. There is reliable evidence that the effects of antihypertensive medications on cognitive function are related not only to blood pressure reduction but also to independent neuroprotective mechanisms. Angiotensin receptor blockers reduce dementia risk by 12-26% compared to other antihypertensive medications. Calcium channel blockers demonstrate 17% greater neuroprotective effects compared to other drug classes. ARBs and calcium channel blockers possess the best neuroprotective properties and are considered preferable for cognitive function protection. These effects occur independently of blood pressure reduction mechanisms.
subject: Article / Review
  topic: section
subject: sudden cardiac death
  topic: keywords
subject: ischemic heart disease
  topic: keywords
subject: ventricular arrhythmias
  topic: keywords
subject: left ventricular ejection fraction
  topic: keywords
subject: myocardial scar tissue
  topic: keywords
subject: coronary artery bypass grafting
  topic: keywords
subject: risk stratification
  topic: keywords
subject: secondary prevention
  topic: keywords
subject: cardiovascular mortality
  topic: keywords
creator: Munisa Atoeva
creator: Guzal Abdullaeva
creator: Khafiza Yusupova
creator: Iroda Ibragimova
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 М.И. Атоева, Г.Ж. Абдуллаева, Х.Ф. Юсупова, И.В. Ибрагимова (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 169
ending page: 178
doi: 10.70626/cardiouz-2025-2-00049

Predictors of sudden cardiac death and the impact of coronary artery bypass grafting on their development
type: item
description: Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD) is one of the most severe and life-threatening manifestations of cardiovascular diseases and is among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The primary pathogenic factors contributing to the development of this condition include ischemic heart disease (IHD), ventricular arrhythmias, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and the formation of scar tissue in the myocardium. The mechanism underlying SCD is complex, involving a combination of myocardial ischemia, electrical instability, and morphological changes, all of which contribute to the onset of malignant arrhythmias. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is an effective revascularization technique in patients with ischemic heart disease. It not only alleviates symptoms but also significantly improves long-term prognosis by enhancing cardiac function. Studies have shown that CABG, particularly in patients with reduced LVEF, decreases overall mortality and the risk of developing SCD. In conclusion, CABG plays an important role in the prevention of SCD, but it is not a standalone solution. A thorough analysis of the underlying risk factors, early identification of high-risk patients, and the development of individualized, comprehensive preventive and therapeutic strategies represent the most effective approach in reducing SCD incidence.
subject: Article / Review
  topic: section
subject: sudden cardiac death
  topic: keywords
subject: ischemic heart disease
  topic: keywords
subject: ventricular arrhythmias
  topic: keywords
subject: left ventricular ejection fraction
  topic: keywords
subject: myocardial scar tissue
  topic: keywords
subject: coronary artery bypass grafting
  topic: keywords
subject: risk stratification
  topic: keywords
subject: secondary prevention
  topic: keywords
subject: cardiovascular mortality
  topic: keywords
creator: Alisher Rasulov
creator: Ravshanbek Kurbanov
creator: Guzal Mullabaeva
creator: Ergashali Tursunov
creator: Amayak Kevorkov
creator: Qadriddin Sayfiddin Hoji
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 А.Ш. Расулов, Р.Д. Курбанов, Г.У. Муллабаева, Э.Я. Турсунов, А.Г. Кеворков, К.Ш. Сайфиддин Ходжи (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 159
ending page: 168
doi: 10.70626/cardiouz-2025-2-00048