Epicardial fat as a prognostic marker in cardiovascular diseases
Abstract
The leading cause of death worldwide is cardiovascular disease. In addition to the known factors leading to CVD, in recent years much attention has been paid to obesity as one of the components of cardiometabolic syndrome. In this case, visceral obesity serves the development of various heart pathologies, leading to myocardial ischemia, the appearance of cardiac arrhythmias, as well as the progression or development of chronic heart failure. In addition to the typical sites of fatty tissue deposition, there is an area of accumulation that directly contributes to the progression of CVD - epicardial fat (EAT). Normally, EAT serves as a mechanical barrier and protects the heart from external influences. However, when it accumulates excessively, a meta-inflammatory process occurs, similar to that which develops in adipose tissue of any localization, leading to the release of proinflammatory cytokines and disruption of endothelial dysfunction, thereby being a trigger for destabilization.
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