Modern Approaches to Imaging Features of Unstable Atherosclerotic Plaques in the Carotid Arteries: A Literature Review
Abstract
Carotid artery atherosclerosis is one of the leading causes of ischemic stroke and other cardiovascular complications. Rupture of an unstable atherosclerotic plaque can lead to acute cerebrovascular events, making timely diagnosis and risk assessment critically important. This review discusses current imaging methods for detecting signs of plaque instability, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), and ultrasound (US). Special attention is given to the diagnostic capabilities and advantages of each modality, as well as their combined use to enhance the accuracy of vascular event prediction. Research findings indicate that hybrid approaches—such as US + MRI or CT + PET—can achieve up to 93% accuracy in identifying unstable plaques. Imaging techniques provide detailed assessments of plaque morphology, lipid core, fibrous cap thickness, inflammation, and neovascularization. Advanced technologies, including elastography and artificial intelligence for image analysis, are opening new prospects for diagnosing and monitoring patients with atherosclerosis. Thus, implementing comprehensive imaging strategies enables early identification of high-risk stroke patients, improving the effectiveness of cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment.
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Copyright (c) 2025 М.Х. Ходжибеков , Ф.М. Бекметова , А.Ш. Алманова (Автор)
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